Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A neuropsychiatric disease-associated mutation in LRRC8B disrupts cellular Ca²⁺ signaling, mitochondrial function, and bioenergetics

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.718892

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volcano plot showing LC–MS/MS–based proteomic analysis of GFP pull-down samples from HEK293T cells expressing GFP-tagged wild-type (WT) or mutant LRRC8B. The x-axis represents log₂ fold change (mutant vs WT), and the y-axis shows −log₁₀ adjusted p-value. Proteins enriched in WT samples are shown on the left, while those enriched in mutant samples are shown on the right. Selected significantly enriched proteins are labeled. VDAC1 is identified as a WT-enriched interactor.

Article Snippet: The plasmid encoding GFP-tagged human LRRC8B (HG24935-ACG; Sino Biological Inc, USA).

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Expressing, Mutagenesis, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A neuropsychiatric disease-associated mutation in LRRC8B disrupts cellular Ca²⁺ signaling, mitochondrial function, and bioenergetics

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.718892

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunoblot images showing VDAC protein levels in total cell lysates and isolated mitochondrial fractions from cells transfected with GFP-tagged LRRC8B WT (W) or mutant Y380S (M) constructs. Actin (∼42 kDa) is included as a loading control for total lysates. Red boxes indicate the regions that were cropped and presented in the main figures. Molecular weight markers are shown where applicable.

Article Snippet: The plasmid encoding GFP-tagged human LRRC8B (HG24935-ACG; Sino Biological Inc, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Isolation, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Construct, Control, Molecular Weight

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A neuropsychiatric disease-associated mutation in LRRC8B disrupts cellular Ca²⁺ signaling, mitochondrial function, and bioenergetics

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.718892

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative immunoblot images showing protein levels of GFP-tagged LRRC8B (WT and mutant) and VDAC in input lysates used for pull-down assays. (B–C) Immunoblot analysis of four independent immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments. Bands at ∼120 kDa confirm successful pull-down of GFP-tagged LRRC8B (WT and mutant) using an anti-GFP antibody. VDAC (∼32 kDa) bands indicate co-precipitation of VDAC with LRRC8B WT and mutant proteins. VDAC levels were normalized to the corresponding LRRC8B (WT or mutant) levels for quantification. Red boxes highlight the regions that were cropped and presented in the main figures. Molecular weight markers are shown where applicable.

Article Snippet: The plasmid encoding GFP-tagged human LRRC8B (HG24935-ACG; Sino Biological Inc, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Mutagenesis, Immunoprecipitation, Molecular Weight

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: HEK293T cells transfected with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059. The transfection efficiency was determined by the presence of GFP-positive cells under fluorescence microscopy at 24, 96 and 144 h post-transfection (hpt). (Scale bar = 15 µm).

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Transfection, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression of upregulated TLRs , RIG-I , MyD88 and IFN-β genes in OSF transduced with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059 at 12 ( a ), 24 ( b ), 48 ( c ) and 72 ( d ) hours post-transduction (hpt). Genes with expression values >1 (broken line) were considered to be upregulated. Data represent the mean and standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between groups (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Standard Deviation

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated genes ( A3Z1 , OBST2 and SAMHD1 ) in OSF transduced with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059 at 24 ( a ), 48 ( b ) and 72 ( c ) hours post-transduction (hpt). Dotted line corresponds to non-transduced OSF. Data shown are the mean and standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between groups (*** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Standard Deviation

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: ORFV DNA quantification in KOP-R transduced with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059 and infected (48 h post-transduction) with ORFV strain NAV. DNA were quantified at 24 h post-infection (hpi) and 5 days post-infection (dpi). Non-transduced KOP-R cells infected with ORFV strain NAV at the mentioned times served as positive controls (C+ (ORFV)). Data represent the mean and standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between groups (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Transduction, Infection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression of ORFV 045 in KOP-R transduced with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059 and infected (48 h post-transduction) with ORFV strain NAV. Expression of ORFV 045 was quantified 24 and 48 h post-infection (hpi). Non-transduced KOP-R cells infected with ORFV strain NAV at the mentioned times served as positive controls (C+ (ORFV)). Data represent the mean and standard deviation.

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Infection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the ORFV-specific cytopathic effect 5 days post-infection with ORFV strain NAV in non-transduced-KOP-R cells ( a ) and KOP-R cells transduced with SeV-GFP ( b ), rSeV-GFP-B2L ( c ) and rSeV-GFP-059 ( d ). The x, y values denote the calibrated pixel resolution in micrometers (µm) for the respective micrographs.

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Infection, Transduction

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Two Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors Encoding ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 Genes

doi: 10.3390/v18040462

Figure Lengend Snippet: SRLV DNA quantification in OSF incubated with supernatants from OSF transduced with SeV-GFP, rSeV-GFP-B2L or rSeV-GFP-059 and infected with SRLV strain EV1 after 24 h. Supernatants were collected at 24, 48 and 72 h post-transduction (hpt). Non-transduced OSF infected with EV1 at the mentioned times served as positive controls (C+ EV1). Data shown are the mean and standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between groups (** p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: ORFV 011 (1206 base pairs (bp)) and ORFV 059 (1029 bp) gene sequences were amplified from the ORFV strain NAV and cloned into the SeV-GFP plasmid by In-Fusion ® cloning technology, between Gaussia-Dura Luc and GFP genes (primers in ; In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit; Takara Bio USA, San Jose, CA, USA), generating recombinant plasmids rSeV-GFP-B2L and rSeV-GFP-059.

Techniques: Incubation, Transduction, Infection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Small heterodimer partner protects against osteoarthritis by inhibiting IKKβ/NF-κB-mediated matrix-degrading enzymes in chondrocytes

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69864-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Percentage of weight borne on the DMM-operated hindlimb relative to total weight on both hindlimbs of WT and Nr0b2 KO mice intra-articularly injected with AAV2- GFP or AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP , as assessed by incapacitance tester at 8 weeks post-surgery (WT-AAV2- GFP n = 10, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- GFP n = 11, WT-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 9, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 12 biologically independent mice). Latency-to-fall in rotarod test ( b ) and unilateral hindlimb grip strength ( c ) from DMM-operated WT and Nr0b2 KO at 8 weeks post-surgery (WT-AAV2- GFP n = 11, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- GFP n = 12, WT-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 12, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 12 biologically independent mice). Quantitative analysis of OA-related parameters including OARSI grade for articular cartilage destruction ( d ), the ratio of subchondral bone plate (SBP) area to subchondral bone (SB) area for SB sclerosis ( e ), and osteophyte size score ( f ) in Safranin-O-stained knee sections from DMM-operated WT and Nr0b2 KO mice at 8 weeks (WT-AAV2- GFP n = 15, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- GFP n = 14, WT-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 14, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 12 biologically independent mice). g Representative Safranin-O staining images showing the whole joint, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and cartilage destruction in the knee joint. Images are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. Scale bar, 100 μm for whole joint, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation, and 50 μm for cartilage destruction. h Representative IHC images for MMP-3 and MMP-13 in knee cartilage. Scale bar, 50 μm. Quantification of total chondrocyte number ( i ), absolute number ( j ) and percentage ( k ) of MMP-3-positive chondrocytes, and absolute number ( l ) and percentage ( m ) of MMP-13-positive chondrocytes (WT-AAV2- GFP n = 10, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- GFP n = 10, WT-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 9, Nr0b2 KO-AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP n = 10 biologically independent mice). Data are presented as means ± SEMs. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test ( a – f , i – m ) (ns not statistically significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001). Source data, including the exact p values, are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The AAV2 vectors expressing Nr0b2 and GFP gene (AAV2- Nr0b2-GFP ) or GFP alone (AAV2- GFP ) were produced by Virovek (Hayward, CA, USA).

Techniques: Injection, Staining